JVP has three upward deflections and 2 downward deflections
Upward deflections : a,c and v wave
Downward deflections: x and y
a wave - Due to atrial contraction
c wave – Due to bulging of tricuspid valves
v wave – Due to systolic filling of the atrium
x descent – Due to atrial relaxation
y descent – Due to early ventricular filling
Prominent a wave is seen in Pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation
Absent a wave is seen in atrial fibrillation
Absent x descent seen in atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation
Prominent v wave is seen in right ventricular failure and tricuspid regurgitation
Rapid y descent is seen in tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular failure